כיוון שמציינים במפורש שחוק הלאום אמור להיות המבוא לחוקה הישראלית, ועל כך שהעובדה שהוא מדגיש את היותה של ישראל מדינת הלאום של העם היהודי לא פוגעת בזכותם של המיעוטים בישראל, חשבתי לבדוק מה כתוב בחוקה של מדינות לאום אחרות. הממצאים הם שצריך להיות עיוור (במקרה הטוב) או ציניקן (במקרה הסביר) כדי לא להבין את ההבדל.
בכל המדינות מבטיחים שיוויון זכויות מלא, ללא תלות בחובות. במרביתן מבטיחים שהמדינה תעודד ותשמור על יכולתם של מיעוטים לשמור על התרבות, השפה והמסורות המיוחדות של כל מיעוט, בדיוק מה שלא כתוב בחוק הלאום. הנה ציטוטים קצרים מתוך החוקות (קישור לחוקה מצורף).
החוקה היוונית:
1. All Greeks are equal before the law.
2. Greek men and women have equal rights and equal obligations.
2. All persons living within the Greek territory shall enjoy full protection of their life, honour and liberty irrespective of nationality, race or language and of religious or political beliefs. Exceptions shall be permitted only in cases provided by international law
החוקה הצ'כית:
We, the citizens of the Czech Republic in Bohemia, in Moravia, and in Silesia, At the time of the restoration of an independent Czech state, Faithful to all good traditions of the long-existing statehood of the lands of the Czech Crown, as well as of Czechoslovak statehood, Resolved to build, safeguard, and develop the Czech Republic in the spirit of the sanctity of human dignity and liberty, As the homeland of free citizens enjoying equal rights, conscious of their duties towards others and their responsibility towards the community,
Political decisions emerge from the will of the majority manifested in free voting. The decision-making of the majority shall take into consideration the interests of minorities.
סלובקיה:
(1) All human beings are free and equal in dignity and in rights. Their fundamental rights and freedoms are sanctioned, inalienable, imprescriptible and irreversible.
(2) Fundamental rights shall be guaranteed in the Slovak Republic to everyone regardless of sex, race, colour, language, belief and religion, political affiliation or other conviction, national or social origin, nationality or ethnic origin, property, descent or any other status. No one shall be aggrieved , discriminated against or
favoured on any of these grounds.
(3) Everyone has the right to decide freely which national group he or she is a member of. Any influence and all manners of pressure that may affect or lead to a denial of a person’s original nationality shall be prohibited.
(4) No injury may be inflicted on anyone, because of exercising his or her fundamental rights and freedoms.
הונגריה:
We promise to preserve the intellectual and spiritual unity of our nation torn apart in the storms of the last century. The nationalities living with us form part of the Hungarian political community and are constituent parts of the State.
1. Every person shall be equal before the law. Every human being shall have legal capacity.
2. Hungary shall ensure fundamental rights to every person without any discrimination on the grounds of race, colour, gender, disability, language, religion, political or other views, national or social origin, financial, birth or other circumstances whatsoever.
קרואטיה:
the Republic of Croatia is hereby established as the nation state of the Croatian nation and the state of the members of its national minorities: Serbs, Czechs, Slovaks, Italians, Hungarians, Jews, Germans, Austrians, Ukrainians, Rusyns, Bosniaks, Slovenians, Montenegrins, Macedonians, Russians, Bulgarians, Poles, Roma, Romanians, Turks, Vlachs, Albanians and others who are its citizens and who are guaranteed equality with citizens of Croatian nationality and the exercise of their national rights in compliance with the democratic norms of the United Nations and the countries of the free world.
סרביה:
Human and minority rights guaranteed by the Constitution shall be implemented directly. The Constitution shall guarantee, and as such, directly implement human and minority rights guaranteed by the generally accepted rules of international law, ratified international treaties and laws. The law may prescribe manner of exercising these rights only if explicitly stipulated in the Constitution or necessary to exercise a specific right owing to its nature, whereby the law may not under any circumstances influence the substance of the relevant guaranteed right.
Provisions on human and minority rights shall be interpreted to the benefit of promoting values of a democratic society, pursuant to valid international standards in human and minority rights, as well as the practice of international institutions which supervise their implementation.Guarantees for inalienable human and minority rights in the Constitution have the purpose of preserving human
dignity and exercising full freedom and equality of each individual in a just, open, and democratic society based on the principle of the rule of law.
פולין:
- The Republic of Poland shall ensure Polish citizens belonging to national or ethnic minorities the freedom to maintain and develop their own language, to maintain customs and traditions, and to develop their own culture.
- National and ethnic minorities shall have the right to establish educational and cultural institutions, institutions designed to protect religious identity, as well as to participate in the resolution of matters connected with their cultural identity.
אוקראינה:
Article 11. The state is instrumental in consolidation and development of Ukrainian nation, its historical consciousness, traditions and culture, and also development of ethnic, cultural, linguistic and religious originality of all native people and national
minorities of Ukraine.
פינלנד:
Section 6 – Equalityחוקת אוקראינה
Everyone is equal before the law.
Section 17 – Right to one's language and culture The national languages of Finland are Finnish and Swedish. The right of everyone to use his or her own language, either Finnish or Swedish, before courts of law and other authorities, and to receive official documents in that language, shall be guaranteed by an Act. The public authorities shall provide for the cultural and societal needs of the Finnish-speaking and Swedish-speaking populations of the country on an equal basis. The Sami, as an indigenous people, as well as the Roma and other groups, have the right to maintain and develop their own language and culture. Provisions on the right of the Sami to use the Sami language before the authorities are laid down by an Act. The rights of persons using sign language and of persons in need of interpretation or
translation aid owing to disability shall be guaranteed by an Act.
רומניה:
1. The state recognizes and guarantees for members of the החוקה הפיניתnational minorities the right to preserve, develop, and express their ethnic, cultural, linguistic, and religious identity.
2. The protective measures taken by the state to preserve, develop, and express the identity of the members of the national minorities shall be in accordance with the principles of equality and nondiscrimination in relation to the other Romanian citizens.
סלובניה:
In its own territory, the state shall protect human rights and fundamental freedoms. It shall protect and guarantee the rights of the autochthonous Italian and Hungarian national communities. It shall maintain concern for the autochthonous Slovene national
minorities in neighbouring countries and for Slovene emigrants and workers abroad and shall foster their contacts with the homeland. It shall provide for the preservation of the natural wealth and cultural heritage and create opportunities for the harmonious
development of society and culture in Slovenia. Slovenes not holding Slovene citizenship may enjoy special rights and privileges in Slovenia. The nature and extent of such rights and privileges shall be regulated by law.